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英文文本关系抽取(fine-tune Huggingface XLNet)

August 28, 2020 • Read: 15457 • Deep Learning阅读设置

本文主要是基于英文文本关系抽取比赛,讲解如何fine-tune Huggingface的预训练模型,同时可以看作是关系抽取的一个简单案例

数据预览

训练数据包含两列。第一列是文本,其中<e1></e1>包起来的是第一个实体,<e2></e2>包起来的是第二个实体。第二列是关系,除了"Other"这个关系以外,其它关系都有先后顺序,比方说第一个样本:"伤害是由邀请制度造成的",其中"harm"是因果关系中的果,而"system"是因,所以最终label是"Cause-Effect(e2,e1)"

思路

总体来说都是用Huggingface的预训练模型做fine-tune,但是具体怎么做有很多种方法

第一种方法

由于label非常特殊,不光要预测实体之间的关系,还要预测其顺序,因此可以考虑预测三个值,具体如下图所示(以第一个句子为例)

[CLS]位置的输出会做一个10分类,而两个实体对应的输出分别做一个3分类。这个3分类是有讲究的,分类为0只有一种情况,就是当[CLS]的输出预测为"Other"的时候,因为"Other"是不需要考虑两个实体的顺序的;另外,假如"harm"预测为1,"system"预测为2,表示在当前这个关系中"harm"的顺序在"system"的前面,反之一样的道理。通过预测三个值,就可以唯一确定一个关系了

第二种方法

先看下图,具体来说就是将两个实体的输出拼接在一起,然后做一个18分类

第三种方法

这是最简单的一种方法,本文使用的也是这种方法。直接将[CLS]的输出进行一个18分类

其实还有其他更多方法,大家自己下去尝试即可

Data Preprocessing

def process_data(filename):
    with open(filename) as f:
        rows = [row for row in csv.reader(f)]
        rows = np.array(rows[1:]) # all data, 2D
        label_list = [label for _, label in rows] # label list
        global classes_list
        classes_list = list(set(label_list)) # non-repeated label list
        num_classes = len(classes_list) # num of classes
        for i in range(len(label_list)):
            label_list[i] = classes_list.index(label_list[i]) # index of label

        name_list, sentence_list = [], []
        for sentence, _ in rows:
            begin = sentence.find('<e1>')
            end = sentence.find('</e1>')
            e1 = sentence[begin:end + 5]

            begin = sentence.find('<e2>')
            end = sentence.find('</e2>')
            e2 = sentence[begin:end + 5]
            
            name_list.append(e1 + " " + e2)
            sentence_list.append(sentence)
    print(num_classes)
    return name_list, sentence_list, label_list, classes_list, num_classes

name_list是个一维的list,里面存了每一行文本中两个实体的名称,两个实体之间用空格隔开。sentence_list是个一维的list,里面存了每一行文本。label_list是个一维的list,里面的值是int类型的,就是将原本str类型的label标签转为对应的index。classes_list就是去重后的label。num_classes就是len(classes_list)

这里我用的是第三种思路做的,因此后面是用不到name_list的,但我还是将其提取出来,方便后面读者调用

XLNetTokenizer

接下来要做的是将提取出来的sentence_list经过XLNetTokenizer,以每句话为单位,获取一句话中所有词的索引,attention mask等相关内容

tokenizer = XLNetTokenizer.from_pretrained('xlnet-base-cased')

def convert(names, sentences, target): # name_list, sentence_list, label_list
    input_ids, token_type_ids, attention_mask = [], [], []
    for i in range(len(sentences)):
        encoded_dict = tokenizer.encode_plus(
            sentences[i],        # 输入文本
            add_special_tokens = True,      # 添加 '[CLS]' 和 '[SEP]'
            max_length = 96,             # 不够填充
            padding = 'max_length',
            truncation = True,             # 太长截断
            return_tensors = 'pt',         # 返回 pytorch tensors 格式的数据
        )
        input_ids.append(encoded_dict['input_ids'])
        token_type_ids.append(encoded_dict['token_type_ids'])
        attention_mask.append(encoded_dict['attention_mask'])

    input_ids = torch.cat(input_ids, dim=0)
    token_type_ids = torch.cat(token_type_ids, dim=0)
    attention_mask = torch.cat(attention_mask, dim=0)

    input_ids = torch.LongTensor(input_ids)
    token_type_ids = torch.LongTensor(token_type_ids)
    attention_mask = torch.LongTensor(attention_mask)
    target = torch.LongTensor(target)

    return input_ids, token_type_ids, attention_mask, target

Train Test Split

为了验证模型效果,所以我们将从训练数据中划分一部分作为验证集,只需调用sklearn中的train_test_split方法即可

train_inputs, val_inputs, train_labels, val_labels = train_test_split(input_ids, labels, random_state=1, test_size=0.1)
train_token, val_token, _, _ = train_test_split(token_type_ids, labels, random_state=1, test_size=0.1)
train_mask, val_mask, _, _ = train_test_split(attention_mask, labels, random_state=1, test_size=0.1)

train_data = Data.TensorDataset(train_inputs, train_token, train_mask, train_labels)
train_dataloader = Data.DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)

validation_data = Data.TensorDataset(val_inputs, val_token, val_mask, val_labels)
validation_dataloader = Data.DataLoader(validation_data, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)

这里需要注意的是,由于每个样本的ids,token,mask是一一对应的,所以我们必须设置三个train_test_split方法中的random_state值相等,否则他们拆分得到的数据就乱了

XLNetForSequenceClassification

由于这里我是用的是简单的句子分类思路,直接调用Huggingface中有现成的API即可(注意设定分类个数)。下面的代码参考自Huggingface Docs中的Training and fine-tuning

model = XLNetForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('xlnet-base-cased', num_labels=num_classes).to(device)

param_optimizer = list(model.named_parameters())
no_decay = ['bias', 'gamma', 'beta']
optimizer_grouped_parameters = [
    {'params': [p for n, p in param_optimizer if not any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)],
    'weight_decay_rate': 0.01},
    {'params': [p for n, p in param_optimizer if any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)],
    'weight_decay_rate': 0.0}]

optimizer = AdamW(optimizer_grouped_parameters, lr=1e-5)

Train & Val

训练的时候,直接传给model指定的参数即可

for _ in range(2):
    for i, batch in enumerate(train_dataloader):
        batch = tuple(t.to(device) for t in batch)
        loss = model(batch[0], token_type_ids=batch[1], attention_mask=batch[2], labels=batch[3])[0]
        print(loss.item())

        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        if i % 10 == 0:
          eval(model, validation_dataloader)

这个model的返回值可以查看XLNetForSequenceClassificatiton的API文档。如果需要loss进行反向传播,取出第一个值即可;如果需要预测值,则取出第二个值;如果需要每层、每个词的隐藏状态,则取出第四个值

在训练的过程中,每经过10个epoch,就在验证集上测试一次。在validation以及test时我们是不会传给模型真实标签的,因此模型也不会返回loss,所以此时模型返回的第一个值不再是loss,而是logits

def flat_accuracy(preds, labels):
    pred_flat = np.argmax(preds, axis=1).flatten() # [3, 5, 8, 1, 2, ....]
    labels_flat = labels.flatten()
    return np.sum(pred_flat == labels_flat) / len(labels_flat)

def eval(model, validation_dataloader):
    model.eval()
    eval_loss, eval_accuracy, nb_eval_steps = 0, 0, 0
    for batch in validation_dataloader:
        batch = tuple(t.to(device) for t in batch)
        with torch.no_grad():
            logits = model(batch[0], token_type_ids=batch[1], attention_mask=batch[2])[0]
            logits = logits.detach().cpu().numpy()
            label_ids = batch[3].cpu().numpy()
            tmp_eval_accuracy = flat_accuracy(logits, label_ids)
            eval_accuracy += tmp_eval_accuracy
            nb_eval_steps += 1
    print("Validation Accuracy: {}".format(eval_accuracy / nb_eval_steps))
    global best_score
    if best_score < eval_accuracy / nb_eval_steps:
        best_score = eval_accuracy / nb_eval_steps
        save(model)

在验证集上计算准确率的同时,保存到目前为止在验证集上准确率最高的模型参数,后面真正做测试的时候就用这个参数。下面的代码涉及到保存模型的操作

output_dir = './models/'
output_model_file = os.path.join(output_dir, WEIGHTS_NAME)
output_config_file = os.path.join(output_dir, CONFIG_NAME)

def save(model):
    # save
    torch.save(model.state_dict(), output_model_file)
    model.config.to_json_file(output_config_file)

如果要加载模型,只需要一行代码即可

# load model
model = XLNetForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(output_dir).to(device)

Test

def pred():
    # load model
    model = XLNetForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(output_dir).to(device)

    sentence_list = []
    with open('test.csv') as f:
        rows = [row for row in csv.reader(f)]
        rows = np.array(rows[1:])
        sentence_list = [text for idx, text in rows]

    input_ids, token_type_ids, attention_mask, _ = convert(['test'], sentence_list, [1]) # whatever name_list and label_list
    dataset = Data.TensorDataset(input_ids, token_type_ids, attention_mask)
    loader = Data.DataLoader(dataset, 32, False)

    pred_label = []
    model.eval()
    for i, batch in enumerate(loader):
        batch = tuple(t.to(device) for t in batch)
        with torch.no_grad():
            logits = model(batch[0], token_type_ids=batch[1], attention_mask=batch[2])[0]
            logits = logits.detach().cpu().numpy()
            preds = np.argmax(logits, axis=1).flatten()
            pred_label.extend(preds)
    
    for i in range(len(pred_label)):
        pred_label[i] = classes_list[pred_label[i]]

    pd.DataFrame(data=pred_label, index=range(len(pred_label))).to_csv('pred.csv')

其实这里没有用到name_list和真实的标签,但是为了能复用前面的convert()函数,保证函数参数一致,所以我随便传了两个参数['test'][1]

Code

import os
import csv
import torch
import transformers
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from transformers import *
import torch.utils.data as Data
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

transformers.logging.set_verbosity_error()
tokenizer = XLNetTokenizer.from_pretrained('xlnet-base-cased')
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

best_score = 0
batch_size = 32
classes_list = []

output_dir = './models/'
output_model_file = os.path.join(output_dir, WEIGHTS_NAME)
output_config_file = os.path.join(output_dir, CONFIG_NAME)

def process_data(filename):
    with open(filename) as f:
        rows = [row for row in csv.reader(f)]
        rows = np.array(rows[1:]) # all data, 2D
        label_list = [label for _, label in rows] # label list
        global classes_list
        classes_list = list(set(label_list)) # non-repeated label list
        num_classes = len(classes_list) # num of classes
        for i in range(len(label_list)):
            label_list[i] = classes_list.index(label_list[i]) # index of label

        name_list, sentence_list = [], []
        for sentence, _ in rows:
            begin = sentence.find('<e1>')
            end = sentence.find('</e1>')
            e1 = sentence[begin:end + 5]

            begin = sentence.find('<e2>')
            end = sentence.find('</e2>')
            e2 = sentence[begin:end + 5]
            
            name_list.append(e1 + " " + e2)
            sentence_list.append(sentence)
    print(num_classes)
    return name_list, sentence_list, label_list, classes_list, num_classes

def convert(names, sentences, target): # name_list, sentence_list, label_list
    input_ids, token_type_ids, attention_mask = [], [], []
    for i in range(len(sentences)):
        encoded_dict = tokenizer.encode_plus(
            sentences[i],        # 输入文本
            add_special_tokens = True,      # 添加 '[CLS]' 和 '[SEP]'
            max_length = 96,           # 填充 & 截断长度
            pad_to_max_length = True,
            return_tensors = 'pt',         # 返回 pytorch tensors 格式的数据
        )
        input_ids.append(encoded_dict['input_ids'])
        token_type_ids.append(encoded_dict['token_type_ids'])
        attention_mask.append(encoded_dict['attention_mask'])

    input_ids = torch.cat(input_ids, dim=0)
    token_type_ids = torch.cat(token_type_ids, dim=0)
    attention_mask = torch.cat(attention_mask, dim=0)

    input_ids = torch.LongTensor(input_ids)
    token_type_ids = torch.LongTensor(token_type_ids)
    attention_mask = torch.LongTensor(attention_mask)
    target = torch.LongTensor(target)

    return input_ids, token_type_ids, attention_mask, target

def flat_accuracy(preds, labels):
    pred_flat = np.argmax(preds, axis=1).flatten() # [3, 5, 8, 1, 2, ....]
    labels_flat = labels.flatten()
    return np.sum(pred_flat == labels_flat) / len(labels_flat)

def save(model):
    # save
    torch.save(model.state_dict(), output_model_file)
    model.config.to_json_file(output_config_file)


def eval(model, validation_dataloader):
    model.eval()
    eval_loss, eval_accuracy, nb_eval_steps = 0, 0, 0
    for batch in validation_dataloader:
        batch = tuple(t.to(device) for t in batch)
        with torch.no_grad():
            logits = model(batch[0], token_type_ids=batch[1], attention_mask=batch[2])[0]
            logits = logits.detach().cpu().numpy()
            label_ids = batch[3].cpu().numpy()
            tmp_eval_accuracy = flat_accuracy(logits, label_ids)
            eval_accuracy += tmp_eval_accuracy
            nb_eval_steps += 1
    print("Validation Accuracy: {}".format(eval_accuracy / nb_eval_steps))
    global best_score
    if best_score < eval_accuracy / nb_eval_steps:
        best_score = eval_accuracy / nb_eval_steps
        save(model)

def train_eval():
    name_list, sentence_list, label_list, _, num_classes = process_data('train.csv')
    input_ids, token_type_ids, attention_mask, labels = convert(name_list, sentence_list, label_list)

    train_inputs, val_inputs, train_labels, val_labels = train_test_split(input_ids, labels, random_state=1, test_size=0.1)
    train_token, val_token, _, _ = train_test_split(token_type_ids, labels, random_state=1, test_size=0.1)
    train_mask, val_mask, _, _ = train_test_split(attention_mask, labels, random_state=1, test_size=0.1)
    
    train_data = Data.TensorDataset(train_inputs, train_token, train_mask, train_labels)
    train_dataloader = Data.DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)

    validation_data = Data.TensorDataset(val_inputs, val_token, val_mask, val_labels)
    validation_dataloader = Data.DataLoader(validation_data, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)

    model = XLNetForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('xlnet-base-cased', num_labels=num_classes).to(device)

    param_optimizer = list(model.named_parameters())
    no_decay = ['bias', 'gamma', 'beta']
    optimizer_grouped_parameters = [
        {'params': [p for n, p in param_optimizer if not any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)],
        'weight_decay_rate': 0.01},
        {'params': [p for n, p in param_optimizer if any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)],
        'weight_decay_rate': 0.0}]

    optimizer = AdamW(optimizer_grouped_parameters, lr=1e-5)

    for _ in range(2):
        for i, batch in enumerate(train_dataloader):
            batch = tuple(t.to(device) for t in batch)
            loss = model(batch[0], token_type_ids=batch[1], attention_mask=batch[2], labels=batch[3])[0]
            print(loss.item())

            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
            
            if i % 10 == 0:
              eval(model, validation_dataloader)

def pred():
    # load model
    model = XLNetForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(output_dir).to(device)

    sentence_list = []
    with open('test.csv') as f:
        rows = [row for row in csv.reader(f)]
        rows = np.array(rows[1:])
        sentence_list = [text for idx, text in rows]

    input_ids, token_type_ids, attention_mask, _ = convert(['test'], sentence_list, [1]) # whatever name_list and label_list
    dataset = Data.TensorDataset(input_ids, token_type_ids, attention_mask)
    loader = Data.DataLoader(dataset, 32, False)

    pred_label = []
    model.eval()
    for i, batch in enumerate(loader):
        batch = tuple(t.to(device) for t in batch)
        with torch.no_grad():
            logits = model(batch[0], token_type_ids=batch[1], attention_mask=batch[2])[0]
            logits = logits.detach().cpu().numpy()
            preds = np.argmax(logits, axis=1).flatten()
            pred_label.extend(preds)
    
    for i in range(len(pred_label)):
        pred_label[i] = classes_list[pred_label[i]]

    pd.DataFrame(data=pred_label, index=range(len(pred_label))).to_csv('pred.csv')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    train_eval()
    pred()
Last Modified: October 17, 2020
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17 Comments
  1. 星辰 星辰

    请问使用Huggingface 的预训练模型 可以复现顶会report的效果吗?

    1. mathor mathor

      @星辰这个,我想应该有的可以。其实huggingface的目的不在于此,而在于能够让大家很方便的用上各种开源预训练模型

    2. 星辰 星辰

      @mathor谢谢分享!仔细一想论文公开的代码和huggingface上的实现,两者的差别对最终效果影响也不大吧:)

    3. mathor mathor

      @星辰是的。而且其实很多预训练好的模型就是直接推到huggingface上的,比方说哈工大的预训练中文bert

  2. yangxuan yangxuan

    如果博主能给出测试的结果,能帮小白我提供一个参考答案,赞

    1. mathor mathor

      @yangxuan最终测试的效果不太记得了,大概是七八十左右,因为我做的比较简单,只是单纯的分类

  3. Young Young

    你好,请问,分类模型如果不用API的话,是不是得调用XLNET的run_classifier.py文件,然后更改自己的参数,然后自己跑一个模型呢?

    1. mathor mathor

      @Young是的

    2. Young Young

      @mathor我看了看XLNET的代码,也是调用的预训练模型,请问有不是预训练模型的吗?也就是直接用transformer-xl直接做分类的代码?

    3. mathor mathor

      @Young这个,我不太清楚,您去github搜一搜有没有transformer-xl的源码吧

  4. Nobb Nobb

    作者大大,报这个错是为什么呀,是因为模型保存的路径不对吗,我是全部按照你的代码来的,求救!FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: './models/pytorch_model.bin'

    1. Nobb Nobb

      @Nobb...解决了,太丢人了...@(狂汗)

    2. lar lar

      @Nobb哈喽你好,我也报了这个错,想问下你是怎么解决的呢?

    3. jolin jolin

      @lar请问数据集在哪下?研习社这个比赛的链接我一直打不开。

    4. lar lar

      @jolin不好意思我没用这个数据,我只用了代码

  5. 喜喜 喜喜

    第二第三种方法不应该是19分类吗

    1. mathor mathor

      @喜喜有些类别不是成对的,如果你有数据集可以仔细查看下