配置404、Error页面以及其他常用技巧

配置 404、Error 页面展开目录

假设你 jsp 项目里 java 代码片出现某些问题，产生异常等等之类的，网页总是显示一堆英文提示，那你就等着电话被客户打爆吧...... 开玩笑的，举个简单的例子，你代码片中做了一个简单的除法，但是被除数是 0，运行时就会产生错误页面

<!--divide.jsp-->
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'divide.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
       <%
           int x = 1 / 0;
       %>
  </body>
</html>

还有一种错误，就是用户输入错了网页地址，本来是 divide.jsp，用户不知道就输成了什么地址 (永远把用户想的特别弱智，这是一个写程序的人应该做的)，最后结果就是用户访问半天进不去，以为你服务器崩溃了，你电话又被打爆了......

上述两个问题，你电话都被打爆了，这应该是任何程序员都不希望发生的事情，所以，解决办法就来了，如果出现上述两个错误，我们应该修改用户看到的东西，相当于一个监听自动执行的超链接，当发生某件事的时候，立刻执行跳转到某个页面，所以我们先写两个页面，分别是 404 页面和代码出错的页面

<!-- page404.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'page404.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <h1>页面走失了，再逛逛</h1>
  </body>
</html>

<!-- error.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'Error.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body> 
    <h1>系统故障：联系我，12345678910</h1>
  </body>
</html>

接下来需要修改 WebRoot/WEB-INF/web.xml 文件，将这两个网页配置进去

<!-- web.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" 
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
  <display-name></display-name>    
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  <error-page>
      <error-code>404</error-code>
      <location>/page404.jsp</location>
  </error-page>
  
  <error-page>
      <exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
      <location>/Error.jsp</location>      
  </error-page>
  
</web-app>

最主要的是那两段 error-page，照着直接写就行了，然后重启 Tomcat，访问网页，就能达到想要的效果了

把网页变成一个可下载的 excel 表格形式展开目录

我们知道，excel 文件的后缀名一般是 xls 或其他格式，我们要找到这个 xls 对应的 MIME 类型，通过 MIME 参考手册，xls 对应的 MIME 类型是 application/vnd.ms-excel，然后我们在网页中写一个表格，并且引入

<%@ page contentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel" %>

直接给出示例代码

<!-- excel.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page contentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'excel.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
      <table>
          <thead>
              <tr>
                  <th>学号</th><th>姓名</th>
              </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
              <tr>
                  <td>1</td><td>张三</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                  <td>1</td><td>张三</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                  <td>1</td><td>张三</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                  <td>1</td><td>张三</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                  <td>1</td><td>张三</td>
              </tr>
          </tbody>
      </table>
  </body>
</html>

当你访问这个网页的时候，就会自动下载一个.jsp 文件，下载下来之后把后缀名改成.xls，就变成 excel 表了，只不过打开以后，里面的中文是乱码，这个后面在讲如何解决，这里先会用即可

jsp:include展开目录

不知道你有没有见过这样的网站，网站有一个导航栏，点击导航栏里面的超链接，能访问到另一个页面，这个页面也有导航栏，和之前的导航栏是一模一样的，如果是你来写这个网页，你会选择同样的导航栏，所有的 jsp 文件都复制粘贴一遍，还是把这个导航栏样式单独写成一个 jsp，让其他 jsp 直接 "包含" 进来

在写导航栏之前，先了解一下 jsp:include 和 include file 的用法，我先写两个网页，一个叫 include.jsp，一个叫 included.jsp，然后在 include.jsp 中将 included.jsp 包含进来

<!-- include.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'include.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <%@ include file = "included.jsp" %>
  </body>
</html>

<!-- included.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
这是被包含的页面
<% 
    int i = 0;
%>

访问 include.jsp 网页，就能看到网页上有一句话 “这是被包含的页面”，这里注意一点，我把 included.jsp 中很多的内容都删了，包括 String path 和 String basePath，必须删除，不删除会报错，这与包含的方式有关，include file 这种是静态包含，也就是相当于将 included.jsp 里的全部内容复制到 include.jsp 中，然后随着 include.jsp 一起翻译为.class 字节码，试问，你写 java 程序，能定义两个同名的变量吗？当然不能，所以 jsp 中也不能，如果有就会报错。

但是，有静态包含就有动态包含，动态包含的方式就是利用 jsp:include

<!-- included.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'include.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <jsp:include page="included.jsp"></jsp:include>
  </body>
</html>

用了这种动态包含后，不管你 included.jsp 里有多少跟 include.jsp 重复的变量，都不会报错。动态包含的执行过程是分别将包含与被包含的 jsp 文件分别翻译成各自的字节码.class，然后调用，所以不会有冲突

最后利用 bootStrap 做一个导航栏（有点丑）

<!-- nav.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'a.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="ReSources/css/bootstrap.min.css">

  </head>
  
  <body>
      <ul class = "nav nav-pills nav-justified">
        <li role="presentation" class = "active"><a href = "a.jsp">a</a></li>
        <li role="presentation"><a href = "b.jsp">b</a></li>
        <li role="presentation"><a href = "c.jsp">c</a></li>
        <li role="presentation"><a href = "d.jsp">d</a></li>    
        <li role="presentation" class="disabled"><a href="">Disabled link</a></li>
        <li role="presentation" class="disabled"><a href="">Disabled link</a></li>
    </ul>
  </body>
</html>

<!-- a.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'a.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
      <jsp:include page = "nav.jsp"></jsp:include>
        a
  </body>
</html>

<!-- b.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'a.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
      <jsp:include page = "nav.jsp"></jsp:include>
        b
  </body>
</html>

c,d 也一样，就是改一下里面显示的字母就行了，显示结果如下

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配置 404、Error 页面以及其他常用技巧

September 12, 2018 • Read: 3675 • JSP • 阅读设置

配置 404、Error 页面展开目录

把网页变成一个可下载的 excel 表格形式展开目录

jsp:include展开目录